3. frei’aura. The readitig of DIK is chosen in order to satisfy the metre requirements. Freia must be in a position which allows it to be monosyllabic. This is not possible in the case of AMN (aura freida freia), and R, whilst offering the correct number of syllables, has the masculine and not the required feminine form of frei (aura frey). Bartsch (Literaturblatt, IV, 66) reads the line in R as aura freydolenta, a construction which he states is not attested elsewhere but which is grammatically possible. This appears to be a rather forced interpretation, however, particularly as the scribe has clearly separated the two words frey and dolenta.
It is interesting to note that the reading of C (freydura), although independent, is very close to that of DIK. The intelligent scribe may have amended the original a of aura to d in an attempt to improve on the text. (See note to I, l. 47.)
5. e·m te. The reading of C (e·m rete) gives the line one syllable too many. The similar version of AMR is preferred to that of DIK (anc se), particularly as it appears to be supported by N (cab dolenta).
7. e·m s. C is the only MS to omit me. One would certainly expect it to be included, especially in view of the two preceding instances in the line. C is also the only MS to retain the final a of guida, which is superfluous as far as the metre is concerned and would not therefore be pronounced, cf. I, l. 26. It should be noted that C is inconsistent with regard to the elision of superfluous vowels, cf. l. 5: cabdelh’e·m te; l. 31: denh’escondire; l. 54: qu’ay’a vivre; l. 58: mand’aucire; etc.
10. dompn’es. For the elision of the a of dompna, see l. 7.
13. may. May is used here to reinforce anc no (‘never’).
15. part. ACMR have the reading par. The context requires, however, the normal form of the third person present singular of partir (= ‘to share’) offered by DIKN. (Cf. Anglade, p. 284; Altprov. Elem., p. 85; Prov. Chr., p. xviii.)
Bartsch (op. cit., IV, 67) erroneously states that R omits no. In fact the reading of R, although independent for this line, includes no and contains the correct number of syllables: e no par de joc cominal.
16. Bartsch (loc. cit.) points out that Appel does not indicate in his variants the reading quel offered by DMR. We confirm, however, that it is in fact DIKM which give this reading.
18. tal. C is the only MS without tal and thus again fails to scan correctly.
22. se li ni·s mire. Appel (p. 73) and Lavaud translate se li literally: ‘laces herself’, whereas Levy (S. W., IV, 397) gives the verb a more general meaning, which seems appropriate in this context: ‘to dress, clean’. This part of the line would therefore be translated: ‘dresses herself or gazes at herself in the mirror’. Levy (loc. cit.) quotes another passage where the same use of the word occurs:
Non es grans meravelhansa
S’ieu ne fas lauzor,
Quar non sai melhor
Ni·s lia
El mon bellazor
Troub. de Béziers, p. 107, 23
Raynouard’s reading of the line must be rejected as erroneous: e·l mon s’eli ni·s mire (‘... au monde se choisit et s’admire’) (Lex. rom., III, 430). Eli is the normal form of the third person preterite of elire (cf. Anglade, p. 287) and as such would not be linked here with the present subjunctive mire. Furthermore the independent reading of R confirms the choice of li as opposed to eli: ... no·s li ne’s mire.
25. tan be. In C the metre is again disrupted, this time by the insertion of de between tan and be. It is the only MS with this reading.
26. no sap sal. This expression is to be translated as ‘is not pleasing’. Cf. Levy, S. W., VII, 400, where this meaning is illustrated further in the passage from Duran de Carpentras (Mahn, Gedichte, 105, 3) which is also quoted by Appel in his notes (p. 73):
E qar non vueiIh mos chantars sapcha sal
Ni c’om lo deia en nuilha cort grazir,
I met primier per desasaborir
Lo vieilh seinhor del Tor, qar ren no val,
El sirventes tenra n’om per plus grieu.
27. fai a vivre. Levy gives faire a the meaning ‘to be suitable for, worthy of’ (S. W., III, 385; Pet. Dict., p. 182). Appel’s interpretation of the line (p. 73) seems preferable, however: ‘Such a lady makes one fond of living’ (lit. ‘brings it about that one is fond of living’). Cf. G. de Born., 68, l. 47.
Lavaud objects to this meaning because tal is without the usual nominative s and he prefers to make tal domna the complement of fai: ‘Telle dame elle fait (est) pour vivre’ (Troub. Cant., p. 67). Grandgent (p. 110) states, however, that in the case of qualis, which is inflected like talis, ‘the feminine singular often dropped its -s, and sometimes took the ending -a (cal, cala)’. It is therefore reasonable to assume that talis was involved in the same process.
28. Lavaud (loc. cit.) translates this line: ‘If thirty boast about possessing her’. We prefer, with Appel (p. 73), the alternative, and perhaps more common, meaning of se fenher and interpret the line as ‘If thirty occupy themselves with her.’
29. Bartsch (op. cit., IV, 67) states that in DN the n’ before ahire is lacking. We confirm, however, that it is included in N. The two MSS have, in fact, different readings for this half of the line. D: nō azire; N: non naire.
30. cuy. Consistent with his interpretation of l. 28, Lavaud (op. cit., pp. 67-8 chooses the nominative qui of DM and makes it the subject of ·s vol and ·s menta: ‘Let him lie who wishes to lie’. Preference is given, however, to the dative form offered by all the other MSS except R, which is independent (com). The lady thus becomes the subject of ·s menta: ‘Let her lie to whomever she wishes’.
It is probable that M was the only MS which originally had qui, as the stanza as a whole appears to have been added in D at a later stage according to a MS close to M (see ‘Classification’).
34. la lauza. Once more the line does not scan correctly in C, this time owing to the insertion of lor between la and lauza. The reading offered by all the other MSS except DM is adopted. It should again be noted that the independent version of DM (chascus cor lai) is likely to have existed originally in M only. Cf. note to l. 30.
35. s’el. C is the only MS with the reading silh. It is, however, fairly close to the reading of IKNRω, which is chosen here in preference to that given only by AM (si) but supported again by D (se). (Cf. note to ll. 30 and 34.)
36. Lavaud (op. cit., p. 68) treats pogra as the first person and regards lieys as the poet’s lady. However, like Appel (p. 74), we prefer to give pogra the subject el in l. 35 and to treat lieys and aital as one and the same lady.
40. jauzire. The reading of CR is retained, as it is supported by the DIK tradition in opposition to that of AN (chausire). Appel (p. 41) is of the view that jauzire is the reading of the original while the version chausire is based on conjecture. It is the latter version, however, which he chooses tentatively to adopt. M is independent here and the reading of ω is illegible.
43. n’auri’ab. For the elision of the final a of auria see note to l. 7.
45. sel qu’. C and M have independent readings (sal-cil). The normal form of the nominative singular offered by all the other MSS is preferred. For the elision of e in que see note to l. 7.
50. quant en. The version of the first and second groups (ANDIK) is chosen here. The stanza is lacking in Rω, and the respective readings of C (quen) and M (qe) do not satisfy the metre requirements.
55. The metre is once more upset in C, this time by the omission of e. The reading adopted is again that of ANDIK. R is entirely independent, while the line is lacking in ω and the stanza as a whole is lacking in M.
56. lor vire. In this kind of context contra and ves appear to be more commonly employed with virar. For the use of the dative, however, cf. B. von Vent., 35, ll. 13-15:
Midons sui hom et amics e servire,
e no·lh en qer mais autras amistatz
mas c’a celat los sens bels olhs me vire
...
and R. d’Orange, XIII, ll. 28-9:
Si ja tan mos cors mescaba
Qu’al meu tort me virez l’escut.
59. que ... manta. C is the only MS with ma. Que is clearly favoured by all three traditions and is used with dompna in the same way as in the corresponding line (50) of the previous stanza.
The monosyllabic form man, offered by C later in the line, fails to satisfy the metre requirements.
60. plass’. The subjunctive is required in the final clause introduced by per que (cf. Altprov. Elem., p. 135). The reading of the majority of the MSS is therefore preferred to that of C (platz), supported by ω (plaiz). Neither version is to be found as a recognised form of the subjunctive (cf. Anglade, p. 340; Altprov. Elem., p. 103; Grandgent, p. 129).
61. quasqun. Suchier (Goett. gel. Anzeigen, 1883, 1342) draws attention to the fact that Appel incorrectly splits the pronoun into two (quasq’un). Its existence as one word is fully attested elsewhere (cf. Pet. Dict., p. 70, Altprov. Elem., p. 128, etc.). Grandgent (p. 112) suggests that the word is the result of a fusion of cada ūs and *cescus < *cisqu’unus = quisque unus = unus quisque.
63. s’ab. For the elision of i, see note to l. 7.
64. Peir Rogier. This reading is not given by any of the MSS. The version of R (Peirotgier) is the only one with the correct number of syllables in the line, all the others offering Peire. We have therefore taken the same action as in the case of I, l. 50. For Rogier we have adhered to C, which is supported by both MR and AN in opposition to IKω (Rogiers) (cf. note to I, l. 50). The tornada is missing in D.
67-9. Cω are the only MSS which contain all three lines of the second tornada. N omits half of ll. 67 and 68 and R the whole of l. 67. R appears, in fact, to have merged ll. 66 and 67 into one (cf. clamar merce (R: l. 66) and clama ... merce (Cω: l. 67)), whereas in N the scribe has clearly gone direct from the middle of l. 67 to the middle of l. 68.
69. lui. The reading of the majority of the MSS which contain this tornada (NRω) is preferred to the independent version of C (lieys), which does not make as good sense. |
